Session1 Introduction
Definition of Cosmopolitanism
There are moral obligations we owe to all human beings soly on the basis of common humanity without consideration of ethnic, religious, or gender, and without reference to national belonging or political affiliation. (regardless!=terminate all countries @Kant "Universal History")
Themes of Class
Patriotism & Cosmopolitanism
World Peace & Cosmopolitanism
International Human Rights & Cosmopolitanism
Who are we in this world? Who am I?
Identity exists in relation only (Diogenes: relation of everything)
Session2 Black Panther (Marvel Movie)
General Information
Directed by Ryon Coogler in 2018
Theme: action, adventure, sci-fic
into National Museum of African American History and Culture in D.C.
Relation to Cosmopolitanism
1. Patriotism VS Cosmopolitanism:
proud of Wakanda; avoid outside chaos
helping the world; progressive
2. World Peace:
Vibranium: @nuclear power
Avengers: protect the Earth and human kind
3. Human Right:
help poor black community in Auckland; save women and children
Moral & Ethical
Moral issue: right/wrong>> eg. decision 主观
Ethical issue: good/bad>> eg. for sb. 客观
Citizenship
1. Inclusion & Exclusion
2. Possession & Dispossession
3. Freedom & Slavery
4. Identification & Alienation
Session3 Diogenes the Cynic (传记by另一Diogenes)
Terms
1. Polis(Greek word)
意为city-state城邦
political concept: laws, democracy(比外乡人高级的原因, patriot)
2. Community(Latin word)
shared function: @public&private
3. Citizen(Latin word)
constitution of rights: @freedom
&responsibilities: @public&private
History Context
Born in Sinope, in exile, to Aegina, Crete, and sold to Xeniades
homeless beggar, legally citizen of nowhere(exclude of polis),
not in a community so have no right and also responsibilities to follow?
Cosmopolitanism(find page number!!)
1. "I am the citizen of the world"
2. "(commonwealth) as wide as the universe"
3. "most beautiful thing is freedom of speech"
4. sentenced people of Sinope "homestaying"
check where and see if description about countries need not
Other philosophical quote
1. "strenuous pratice" "mental training"
2. "life itself was not evil"
3. "preferred liberty to everything"
affect his conception of public/private line
define by follow natural instinct
Public & Private
1. Examples
Eating in public
Masturbate in public
Doing public thing in private
Session4 Kant's "What is Enlightenment?"(essay1)
"Enlightenment is the human being's emancipation from its self-incurred immaturity." (pg.17)
1. emancipation: exit
2. self-incurred: because of yourself (@instinct ability of reason?? check the exact word)
3. immaturity >> maturity: able and brave enough to speak for human race's wellness (@public use of reason)
"Sapere Aude": "Have the courage to make use of your own intellect"
motto of the Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment
@natural plan in essay 2
necessity of public use of reason; necessity of conflict (!=chaos)
Public Reason
Having a right to speak your mind on public interests through writings while communicating with the rest of the world.
for the Enlightenment/ nature's plan f progression
Private Reason
Being able to use one's reason to speak for others on a restricted and respectful level that will not harm the group you are speaking for.
represent and defend a specific group(check the page number)
Session5 Kant's "Universal History"(essay2) (9 propsitions)
Natural Laws exist
Enlightenment presents only in species, not individual
Human are self-sufficient through intellect
Unsociable sociability is in human instinct >> law-governed, required a master
A society should give its members the highest, controlled degree of freedom to pursue their desire for power. >> degree of freedom: public use of reason? "grow staright and beautiful"
?? A universal history's constitution needs to have not only wisdom/experience to back, but also good will, which we can only get an approximation
Confederation of states are most reasonable approach to cosmopolitanism (@Diogenes: linked individual)
The ultimate goal of nature's plan is to create a perfect society("universal cosmopolitan condition"), in which human can fully develop their natural predisposition(enlightened, make use of own reason).
Philosophical attempt to describe the universal history is possible and promote the process of nature's plan. It can supplement the factual history, and factual history proves the nature's plan exists through the succession of nations.
TERMS
1. "history":
what happens actually in the past
what do we tells about the past
"A narrative account of practical rationality in progression">> reason!
learn from the past, and able to use for future
2. "natural laws":
basic foundations upon which human beings practice reason; universal valid; knowable by all human beings
Key Questions
1. What is Universal History?
2. Which cosmopolitan aspects do you think should be important in taking account of one?
3. What are benefits of creating such a philosophical overview of history, as opposed to a purely factual history?
Session6 Kant's "Toward Perpetual Peace"(essay3)
1st Section: Preliminary Articles (Ways to achieve perpetual Peace)
1. "No peace settlement which secretly reserves issues for a future war shall be considered valid."
-- ceasefire prevents perpetual peace(army always ready)
2. "No independenty existing state shall be able to be acquired by another state through inheritance, exchange, purchase, or gift."
-- against colonialism & monarchy (@tree anology)
3. "Standing armies shall gradually be abolished entirely."
4. "The state shall not contract debts in connection with its foreign affairs."
-- no financial support for war
5. "No state shall focibly interfere in the constitution and gornment of another state."
--against colonialism, imperialism, 'world police'
6. "No state shall allow itself such hostilities in wartime as would make mutual trust in a future period of peace impossible. Such acts would include the employment of assassins, poisoners, breach of surrender, incitement of treason within the enemy state,etc."
-- trust among human is hard to build up and should be maintain
2nd Section: Definitive Articles
1."The civil constitution of every state shall be republican"
-- Republican constitution is made according to freedom, dependence, and equality (as human beings, subjects, and citizen).
-- pro perpetual peace
-- Republicanism(executive separated from legislative)
-- Despotism(combine the powers)
2. "International right shall be based on the federalism of free states."
-- guarantees the rights of each
-- to be against the maliciousness of human nature
3. "Cosmopolitan right shall be limited to the conditions of univerasl hospitality."
-- NOT treat visitor with hostility when no harm
-- but visitor can be turned away if done without violence
-- @refugees only
-- don't blend in: largest PROBLEM with Kant's cosmopolitanism
1st Supplement
2nd Supplement
